![]() And if the nonmoving portions of such scenes are blurred, the image will look like a mistake rather than a good photograph, so use a tripod. But effective subject blurs generally require exposure times considerably longer than that. with focal lengths in the 200-300mm range using stabilizers built into lenses and cameras. If your camera/lens has a built-in stabilizer, you can do pan blurs, zoom blurs and flash blurs handheld. A cable release or wireless electronic trigger will keep you from jiggling the camera as you press the shutter button, adding to steadiness. Long-exposure shooting is best done with the camera mounted on a sturdy tripod, especially the subject blurs discussed here. 96 ND 4.00, which cuts the light by 13 1/3 stops ( Hoya’s NDx400, which provides nine stops of ND ( and Singh-Ray’s Vari-ND, which provides strengths from two to eight stops of ND as you rotate it ( A polarizing filter also reduces the amount of light reaching the film or image sensor, without altering its color, but only by 1.3 stops or thereabouts-not strong enough for daylight long exposures. ND filters come in a variety of strengths. Neutral-density filters reduce the amount of light transmitted to the film or image sensor, without otherwise altering the light. But there’s a way to get long exposure times in bright light: the neutral-density filter. In bright light, you won’t be able to stop the lens down enough to use very long exposure times: at ISO 100, the exposure duration for a frontlit sunny scene at ƒ/22 would be 1/50 sec. On T, the shutter opens when you fully depress the shutter button and stays open until you press the shutter button again, saving you the bother of holding the shutter button down. ![]() Some cameras have a T (time) setting rather than B. To prevent finger fatigue, and to keep you from accidentally jiggling the camera, use a locking cable release to hold the shutter button down during long exposures. On B, the camera shutter opens when you press the shutter button and stays open as long as you keep the shutter button fully depressed. For longer exposures, you can use the B (bulb) setting. Most digital and film SLRs let you set shutter speeds down to 30 seconds. All you need is a slow shutter speed, a sturdy camera support and your imagination. Long exposures can blur moving subjects and portions of scenes into fascinating forms, revealing flows of motion and form that can’t be seen in an image made with a short exposure.
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